Strategies for Achieving Ultra-Long ORR Durability-Rh Activates Interatomic Interactions in Alloys.

The stability of platinum-based alloy catalysts is crucial for the future development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, considering the potential dissolution of transition metals under complex operating conditions. Here, we report on a Rh-doped Pt3Co alloy that exhibits strong interatomic interactions, thereby enhancing the durability of fuel cells. The Rh-Pt3Co/C catalyst demonstrates exceptional catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) (1.31 A mgPt -1 at 0.9 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and maintaining 92 % of its mass activity after 170,000 potential cycles). Long-term testing has shown direct inhibition of Co dissolution in Rh-Pt3Co/C. Furthermore, tests on proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have shown excellent performance and long-term durability with low Pt loading. After 50,000 cycles, there was no voltage loss at 0.8 A cm-2 for Rh-Pt3Co/C, while Pt3Co/C experienced a loss of 200 mV. Theoretical calculations suggest that introducing transition metal atoms through doping creates a stronger compressive strain, which in turn leads to increased catalytic activity. Additionally, Rh doping increases the energy barrier for Co diffusion in the bulk phase, while also raising the vacancy formation energy of the surface Pt. This ensures the long-term stability of the alloy over the course of the cycle.

ZIF-derived oxygen vacancy-rich Co3O4 for constructing an efficient Z-scheme heterojunction to boost photocatalytic water splitting.

With ZIF-67 as the precursor, oxygen vacancy-rich Co3O4 nanoparticles were derived and anchored on the surface of 2D polyimide (PI) to construct a Z-scheme hybrid heterojunction (20ZP) through a simultaneous solvothermal in situ crystallization and polymerization strategy. XRD, XPS and EPR confirmed that both Co(III) and oxygen vacancies are formed during the low temperature conversion of ZIF-67 to Co3O4 nanoparticles that in turn accelerate the polymerization of PI. Synchronous crystallization makes the interfacial architecture intermetal and compact, inducing a strong interfacial electronic interaction between Co3O4 nanoparticles and PI. UV-vis DRS spectra and transient photocurrent response demonstrate that the incorporation of Co3O4 on polyimide not only extends the light absorption in the visible range, but also enhances the charge transfer rate. EIS, TRPL techniques and DFT calculations have confirmed that the photoinduced interfacial charge transfer pathway of this hybrid heterojunction characterized the Z-scheme in which the photoinduced electrons transfer from the conduction band of Co3O4 to the valence band of PI, significantly inhibiting the recombination of electrons and holes within PI. More importantly, the oxygen vacancies located below the conductor band of Co3O4 can deepen the band bending, improve the charge separation efficiency and accelerate electron transfer between Co3O4 and PI. This Z-scheme hybrid heterojunction structure can not only maintain the high reducing capacity of photoinduced electrons on the conductor band of PI, but also enhance the oxidative capacity of the heterojunction composite material, thus promoting the overall progress of the photocatalytic hydrogen release reaction.

Blocking Accretion Enables Dimension Reduction of Metal-Organic Framework for Photocatalytic Performance.

The evolution and formation process of two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) primarily arise from the anisotropic growth of crystals, leading to variations in photocatalytic performance. It is crucial to achieve a synergistic combination of anisotropic electron transfer direction and dimension reduction strategies. In this study, a novel approach that effectively blocks crystal growth accretion through the coordination of solvent molecules is presented, achieving the successful synthesis of impurity-free two-dimensional nanosheet Zn-PTC with exceptional hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance (15.4 mmol g-1  h-1 ). The structural and photophysical characterizations validate the successful prevention of crystal accretion, while establishing correlation between structural anisotropy and intrinsic charge transfer mode through transient spectroscopy. These findings unequivocally demonstrate that electron transfer along the [001] direction plays a pivotal role in the redox performance of nano-Zn-PTC. Subsequently, by coupling the photocatalytic performance and density functional theory (DFT) simulation calculations, the carrier diffusion kinetics is explored, revealing that effective dimension reduction along the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) direction is the key to achieving superior photocatalytic performance.

Pan-cancer evidence of prognosis, immune infiltration, and immunotherapy efficacy for annexin family using multi-omics data.

The annexin superfamily (ANXA) is made up of 12 calcium (Ca2+) and phospholipid binding protein members that have a high structural homology and play a key function in cancer cells. However, little research has been done on the annexin family's function in pan-cancer. We examined the ANXA family's expression in various tumors through public databases using bioinformatics analysis, assessed the differences in ANXA expression between tumor and normal tissues in pan-cancer, and then investigated the relationship between ANXA expression and patient survival, prognosis, and clinicopathologic traits. Additionally, we investigated the relationships among TCGA cancers' mutations, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), immunological subtypes, immune infiltration, tumor microenvironment, immune checkpoint genes, chemotherapeutics sensitivity, and ANXAs expression. cBioPortal was also used to uncover pan-cancer genomic anomalies in the ANXA family, study relationships between pan-cancer ANXA mRNA expression and copy number or somatic mutations, and assess the prognostic values of these variations. Moreover, we investigated the relationship between ANXAs expression and effectiveness of immunotherapy in multiple cohorts, including one melanoma (GSE78220), one renal cell carcinoma (GSE67501), and three bladder cancer cohorts (GSE111636, IMvigor210 and our own sequencing dataset (TRUCE-01)), and further analyzed the changes of ANXAs expression before and after treatment (tislelizumab combined with nab-paclitaxel) of bladder cancer. Then, we explored the biological function and potential signaling pathway of ANXAs using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and first conducted immune infiltration analysis with ANXAs family genes expression, copy number, or somatic mutations of bladder cancer by TIMER 2.0. Most cancer types and surrounding normal tissues expressed ANXA differently. ANXA expression was linked to patient survival, prognosis, clinicopathologic features, mutations, TMB, MSI, immunological subtypes, tumor microenvironment, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint gene expression in 33 TCGA cancers, with ANXA family members varied. The anticancer drug sensitivity analysis showed that ANXAs family members were significantly related to a variety of drug sensitivities. In addition, we also discovered that the expression level of ANXA1/2/3/4/5/7/9/10 was positively or negatively correlated with objective responses to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 across multiple immunotherapy cohorts. The immune infiltration analysis of bladder cancer further showed the significant relationships between ANXAs copy number variations or mutation status, and infiltration level of different immune cells. Overall, our analyses confirm the importance of ANXAs expression or genomic alterations in prognosis and immunological features of various cancer and identified ANXA-associated genes that may serve as potential therapeutic targets.

circSOBP Inhibits Bladder Cancer Proliferation and Metastasis by Regulating the miR-200a-3p/PTEN Axis and Participating in the Immune Response.

A growing body of evidence shows that circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in tumor growth and metastasis and also play crucial roles in the treatment and prognosis of various cancers. In this article, we identified a novel circRNA, circSOBP (has_circ_0001633), based on the results of high-throughput RNA sequencing, and its expression was subsequently validated via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues and cell lines. The association between circSOBP expression and the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of 56 recruited BCa patients was then analyzed, and the biological roles of circSOBP were assessed by in vitro cloning formation, wound healing, transwell, CCK-8, and in vivo xenograft mouse models. Next, the competitive endogenous RNA mechanism was explored through fluorescence in situ hybridization, RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter, bioinformatics analysis, and rescue experiments. Western blot and immunohistochemistry detected the expression of downstream mRNA, and we were able to determine that circSOBP was downregulated in BCa tissues and cell lines and that lower circSOBP expression was associated with more advanced pathological stage, larger tumor size, and poorer overall survival with BCa patients. Overexpressed circSOBP suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, competitive interactions between circSOBP and miR-200a-3p enhanced target gene PTEN expression. In addition, we found a significant correlation between higher expression of circSOBP in BCa patients after immunotherapy than before and a better treatment outcome, indicating that circSOBP might regulate the programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 pathway. Overall, circSOBP inhibits BCa tumorigenesis and metastasis by a novel miR-200a-3p/PTEN axis, which makes it an excellent biomarker and therapeutic target for treating BCa.

Comprehensive characterization of endoplasmic reticulum stress in bladder cancer revealing the association with tumor immune microenvironment and prognosis.

Background: This study constructs a molecular subtype and prognostic model of bladder cancer (BLCA) through endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) related genes, thus helping to clinically guide accurate treatment and prognostic assessment. Methods: The Bladder Cancer (BLCA) gene expression data was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We clustered by ERS-related genes which obtained through GeneCards database, results in the establishment of a new molecular typing of bladder cancer. Further, we explored the characteristics of each typology in terms of immune microenvironment, mutations, and drug screening. By analyzing the ERS-related genes with univariate Cox, LASSO and multivariate Cox analyses, we also developed the four-gene signature, while validating the prognostic effect of the model in GSE32894 and GSE13507 cohorts. Finally, we evaluated the prognostic value of the clinical data in the high and low ERS score groups and constructed a prognostic score line graph by Nomogram. Results: We constructed four molecular subtypes (C1- C4) of bladder cancer, in which patients with C2 had a poor prognosis and those with C3 had a better prognosis. The C2 had a high degree of TP53 mutation, significant immune cell infiltration and high immune score. In contrast, C3 had a high degree of FGFR3 mutation, insignificant immune cell infiltration, and reduced immune checkpoint expression. After that, we built ERS-related risk signature to calculate ERS score, including ATP2A3, STIM2, VWF and P4HB. In the GSE32894 and GSE13507, the signature also had good predictive value for prognosis. In addition, ERS scores were shown to correlate well with various clinical features. Finally, we correlated the ERS clusters and ERS score. Patients with high ERS score were more likely to have the C2 phenotype, while patients with low ERS score were C3. Conclusion: In summary, we identified four novel molecular subtypes of BLCA by ERS-related genes which could provide some new insights into precision medicine. Prognostic models constructed from ERS-related genes can be used to predict clinical outcomes. Our study contributes to the study of personalized treatment and mechanisms of BLCA.

Construction and validation of a bladder cancer risk model based on autophagy-related genes.

Autophagy has an important association with tumorigenesis, progression, and prognosis. However, the mechanism of autophagy-regulated genes on the risk prognosis of bladder cancer (BC) patients has not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we created a prognostic model of BC risk based on autophagy-related genes, which further illustrates the value of genes associated with autophagy in the treatment of BC. We first downloaded human autophagy-associated genes and BC datasets from Human Autophagy Database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and finally obtained differential prognosis-associated genes for autophagy by univariate regression analysis and differential analysis of cancer versus normal tissues. Subsequently, we downloaded two datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), GSE31684 and GSE15307, to expand the total number of samples. Based on these genes, we distinguished the molecular subtypes (C1, C2) and gene classes (A, B) of BC by consistent clustering analysis. Using the genes merged from TCGA and the two GEO datasets, we conducted least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression analysis to obtain risk genes and construct autophagy-related risk prediction models. The accuracy of this risk prediction model was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves, and then nomograms were constructed to predict the survival of bladder cancer patients at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. According to the median value of the risk score, we divided BC samples into the high- and low-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis was performed to compare survival differences between subgroups. Then, we used single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) for immune cell infiltration abundance, immune checkpoint genes, immunotherapy response, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and tumor mutation burden (TMB) analysis for different subgroups. We also applied quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques to verify the expression of these six genes in the model. Finally, we chose the IMvigor210 dataset for external validation. Six risk genes associated with autophagy (SPOCD1, FKBP10, NAT8B, LDLR, STMN3, and ANXA2) were finally screened by LASSO regression algorithm and multivariate Cox regression analysis. ROC and calibration curves showed that the model established was accurate and reliable. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to verify that the risk model was an independent predictor. K-M survival analysis indicated that patients in the high-risk group had significantly worse overall survival than those in the low-risk group. Analysis by algorithms such as correlation analysis, gene set variation analysis (GSVA), and ssGSEA showed that differences in immune microenvironment, enrichment of multiple biologically active pathways, TMB, immune checkpoint genes, and human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) were observed in the different risk groups. Then, we constructed nomograms that predicted the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of different BC patients. In addition, we screened nine sensitive chemotherapeutic drugs using the correlation between the obtained expression status of risk genes and drug sensitivity results. Finally, the external dataset IMvigor210 verified that the model is reliable and efficient. We established an autophagy-related risk prognostic model that is accurate and reliable, which lays the foundation for future personalized treatment of bladder cancer.

CircSTK39 suppresses the proliferation and invasion of bladder cancer by regulating the miR-135a-5p/NR3C2-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling pathway.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) serve as novel noncoding RNAs that have crucial functions in the development of tumors, including those from bladder cancer (BCa). However, the role and underlying molecular mechanism of circRNAs in mediating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes in BCa have yet to be studied. In this research, we first found a novel circRNA, circSTK39 (termed as has_circ_0001079), which was a downregulated gene based on the results of high-throughput RNA sequencing. Subsequently, we determined that the expression of circSTK39 in BCa tissues and their cell lines was significantly reduced. In addition, lower circSTK39 expression was strongly related to a worse prognosis for BCa patients. Next, we detected the biological functions of circSTK39 by using loss and gain experiments in vitro and in vivo. Ectopic expression of circSTK39 decreased cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion capacities, while circSTK39 knockdown prevented the above phenotypes. Mechanically, circSTK39 could sponge with miR-135a-5p, thus inhibiting NR3C2-mediated EMT processes in the BCa progression. In conclusion, our results revealed that circSTK39 inhibited EMT of BCa cells through the miR-135a-5p/NR3C2 axis and may provide promising biomarkers for the diagnosis or prospective therapeutic targets for BCa.

Identification of a dysregulated CircRNA-associated gene signature for predicting prognosis, immune landscape, and drug candidates in bladder cancer.

Increasing evidences have demonstrated that circular RNA (circRNAs) plays a an essential regulatory role in initiation, progression and immunotherapy resistance of various cancers. However, circRNAs have rarely been studied in bladder cancer (BCa). The purpose of this research is to explore new circRNAs and their potential mechanisms in BCa. A novel ceRNA-regulated network, including 87 differentially expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs), 126 DE-miRNAs, and 217 DE-mRNAs was constructed to better understanding the biological processes using Cytoscape 3.7.1 based on our previously high-throughput circRNA sequencing and five GEO datasets. Subsequently, five randomly selected circRNAs (upregulated circ_0001681; downregulated circ_0000643, circ_0001798, circ_0006117 and circ_0067900) in 20 pairs of BCa and paracancerous tissues were confirmed using qRT-PCR. Functional analysis results determined that 772 GO functions and 32 KEGG pathways were enriched in the ceRNA network. Ten genes (PFKFB4, EDNRA, GSN, GAS1, PAPPA, DTL, TGFBI, PRSS8, RGS1 and TCF4) were selected for signature construction among the ceRNA network. The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) expression of these genes were consistent with the above sequencing data. Notably, the model was validated in multiple external datasets (GSE13507, GSE31684, GSE48075, IMvigor210 and GSE32894). The immune-infiltration was evaluated by 7 published algorithms (i.e., TIMER, CIBERSORT, CIBERSORT-ABS, QUANTISEQ, MCPCOUNTER, XCELL and EPIC). Next, Correlations between riskscore or risk groups and clinicopathological data, overall survival, recognized immunoregulatory cells or common chemotherapeutic agents of BCa patients were performed using wilcox rank test, chi-square test, cox regression and spearman's correlation analysis; and, these results are significant. According to R package "GSVA" and "clusterProfiler", the most significantly enriched HALLMARK and KEGG pathway was separately the 'Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition' and 'Ecm Receptor Interaction' in the high- vs. low-risk group. Additionally, the functional experiments in vitro also revealed that the overexpression of has_circ_0067900 significantly impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion capacities of BCa cells. Collectively, the results of the current study provide a novel landscape of circRNA-associated ceRNA-regulated network in BCa. The ceRNA-associated gene model which was constructed presented a high predictive performance for the prognosis, immunotherapeutic responsiveness, and chemotherapeutic sensitivity of BCa. And, has_circ_0067900 was originally proposed as tumor suppressor for patients with BCa.

Biomimetic control of charge transfer in MOFs by solvent coordination for boosting photocatalysis.

The role of the coordination solvent in MOFs with photocatalysis can't be ignored. Novel [Ni(PTCA)·sol]-MOFs with a 3D open wavy-layered structure are selected for in-depth study by imitating the internal environment of a chameleon. The results confirm that the coordination solvent can modulate the band structure and the polarity is the key to accelerate the formation of intermediate H*.

Dual MOF-Derived MoS2 /CdS Photocatalysts with Rich Sulfur Vacancies for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Cocatalyst plays an important role in efficient charge transfer and separation for photocatalysis. Herein, a MoS2 /CdS photocatalyst with MoS2 as cocatalyst was designed by using Mo-MOF and Cd-MOF as precursors. Due to the existence of rich sulfur vacancies and 1T phase, MoS2 shows strong charge capture and transport ability. The photo-generated electrons on conduction band (CB) can be bound by the sulfur vacancy of CdS and effectively transported to MoS2 through the compact interface between the CdS nanoparticles and 2D large-scale MoS2 . The optimal photocatalyst 1 %MoS2 /CdS exhibited dramatically improved photocatalytic hydrogen production activity, which is 28 times that of pristine CdS and even about 2 times that of 1 %Pt/CdS with same loading amount of noble metal Pt. This work highlights the role of Mo-MOF derived MoS2 with 1T-2H phases as a sustainable and prospective candidate of cocatalyst for improving charge separation and photocatalytic stability of MoS2 /CdS composites.

Corrigendum: The Development of a Magnesium-Releasing and Long-Term Mechanically Stable Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement Possessing Osteogenic and Immunomodulation Effects for Promoting Bone Fracture Regeneration.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.803723.].

Current Biological Strategies to Enhance Surgical Treatment for Rotator Cuff Repair.

Rotator cuff tear is one of the most common shoulder problems encountered by orthopedic surgeons. Due to the slow healing process and high retear rate, rotator cuff tear has distressed millions of people all around the world every year, especially for the elderly and active athletes. This disease significantly impairs patients' motor ability and reduces their quality of life. Besides conservative treatment, open and arthroscopic surgery contributes a lot to accelerate the healing process of rotator cuff tear. Currently, there are many emerging novel treatment methods to promote rotator cuff repair. A variety of biological stimulus has been utilized in clinical practice. Among them, platelet-rich plasma, growth factors, stem cells, and exosomes are the most popular biologics in laboratory research and clinical trials. This review will focus on the biologics of bioaugmentation methods for rotator cuff repair and tendon healing, including platelet-rich plasma, growth factors, exosomes and stem cells, etc. Relevant studies are summarized in this review and future research perspectives are introduced.

Sparse self-attention aggregation networks for neural sequence slice interpolation.

BACKGROUND: Microscopic imaging is a crucial technology for visualizing neural and tissue structures. Large-area defects inevitably occur during the imaging process of electron microscope (EM) serial slices, which lead to reduced registration and semantic segmentation, and affect the accuracy of 3D reconstruction. The continuity of biological tissue among serial EM images makes it possible to recover missing tissues utilizing inter-slice interpolation. However, large deformation, noise, and blur among EM images remain the task challenging. Existing flow-based and kernel-based methods have to perform frame interpolation on images with little noise and low blur. They also cannot effectively deal with large deformations on EM images. RESULTS: In this paper, we propose a sparse self-attention aggregation network to synthesize pixels following the continuity of biological tissue. First, we develop an attention-aware layer for consecutive EM images interpolation that implicitly adopts global perceptual deformation. Second, we present an adaptive style-balance loss taking the style differences of serial EM images such as blur and noise into consideration. Guided by the attention-aware module, adaptively synthesizing each pixel aggregated from the global domain further improves the performance of pixel synthesis. Quantitative and qualitative experiments show that the proposed method is superior to the state-of-the-art approaches. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method can be considered as an effective strategy to model the relationship between each pixel and other pixels from the global domain. This approach improves the algorithm's robustness to noise and large deformation, and can accurately predict the effective information of the missing region, which will greatly promote the data analysis of neurobiological research.

The Development of a Magnesium-Releasing and Long-Term Mechanically Stable Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement Possessing Osteogenic and Immunomodulation Effects for Promoting Bone Fracture Regeneration.

Bone grafts are commonly used for the treatment of critical sized bone defects. Since the supply of autologous bone is insufficient, allogeneic bone grafts have been used most of the time. However, the poor osteogenic property of allogeneic bone grafts after pretreatment results in delayed union, non-union, or even occasional deformity. Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is one of the most promising bone filling materials due to its good biocompatibility and similar chemical components as natural bone. However, clinical applications of CPC were hampered by limited osteogenic effects, undesired immune response which results in resorption, and poor mechanical stability in vivo. Magnesium (Mg) has been proven to trigger bone regeneration through modulating cell behaviors of mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages significantly. Unfortunately, the degradation raters of pure Mg and Mg oxide are extremely fast, resulting in early collapse of Mg contained CPC. In this study, we developed a novel magnesium contained calcium phosphate bone cement (Mg-CPC), possessing long-term mechanical stability and osteogenic effects through sustained release of Mg. Furthermore, in vitro studies showed that Mg-CPC had no cytotoxic effects on hBMMSCs and macrophage RAW 264.7, and could enhance the osteogenic differentiation as determined by alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity and calcium nodule staining, as well as suppress the inflammatory as determined by expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1RA. We also found that Mg-CPC promoted new bone formation and bone maturation in vivo. These results suggest that Mg-CPC should be a good substitute material for bone grafts in clinical use.

Microflora of fresh white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) during cold storage revealed by high-throughput sequencing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry fingerprinting.

BACKGROUND: Fresh Agaricus bisporus is popular and consumed throughout the world because of its taste, as well as its nutritional and medicinal properties, but it is also prone to microbial growth. There is very limited information about the dynamic changes of microbial communities during storage. The present study aimed to analyze the microbial diversity of button mushroom during cold storage using Illumina HiSeq sequencing. Bacteria isolated from the later storage period were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and a bioassay of pathogenicity was carried out. RESULTS: High-throughput sequencing showed that Pseudomonas was the predominant genus throughout the storage period. Pedobacter and Flavobacterium grew prolifically on the eighth day, while the relative abundance of Oscillospira continued to decrease. Pseudomonas, Ewingella and Chryseobacterium were isolated at the later period of mushroom storage. A pathogenicity bioassay on the cap of mushrooms showing brown blotch indicated an infection by Pseudomonas tolaasii. However, Ewingella americana did not have a pathogenic effect in our study. CONCLUSION: Bacterial communities of fresh Agaricus bisporus during cold storage were characterized by high-throughput sequencing. MALDI-TOF MS provides a good analytical procedure, in addition to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Orderly-designed Ni2P nanoparticles on g-C3N4 and UiO-66 for efficient solar water splitting.

Stable and efficient photocatalyst is the key important research goals up to now. On account of the dominant performance of Ni2P, g-C3N4 (graphitized carbonitride) and UiO-66 (Universitetet i Oslo) themselves, an orderly-designed assemble of g-C3N4/UiO-66/Ni2P is successfully designed and assembled with capability of high-efficient dye-sensitized photocatalytic H2 evolution. The electron transport routes are successfully adjusted and the hydrogen evolution is greatly improved. It exhibits synergistic effect on highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production. The maximum amount of hydrogen evolution reaches about 200 µmol for 5 h over the g-C3N4/UiO-66/Ni2P photocatalyst under the 5 W LED white light at 420 nm. The H2 evolution rate is 12 times high than over g-C3N4. Such synergistically increased effect in photocatalytic properties is certified by related characterization results such as TEM, SEM, XPS, XRD, UV-vis DRS, Transient photocurrent and FT-IR etc. The above studies show that the Ni2P nanoparticles modified on the g-C3N4/UiO-66 provides the more active sites and improves the efficiency of photo-generated charge separation. In addition, the possible mechanism of photocatalytic hydrogen production is proposed.

[Impact of muscle strength on knee joint stability in static loading].

OBJECTIVE: To study the in vivo stability of normal and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-injured knee joint before and after epidural anesthesia under 134 N pre-loading and evaluate the influence of muscular tension on the knee stability. METHODS: Eight volunteers with unilateral ACL rupture and normal contralateral knee were enrolled in this study. CT (3D) images and 2 orthogonal images of the knee were captured at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° under 134 N pre-loading. The orthogonal images were used to recreate the in vivo knee positions at each of the targeted flexion angles by 2D/3D registration to analyze the tibial translation data. RESULTS: The anterior tibia translation of both the intact and ACL-injured knees after anesthesia was significantly different from that before anesthesia at all the angles (P<0.05). The anterior tibial translation of the intact knee after anesthesia increased by 1.7 mm at 0°, 2.7 mm at 30°, 2.6 mm at 60°, and 2.3 mm at 90°, as compare to the increase of ACL-injured knee by 4.2 mm, 2.6 mm, 1.2 mm, and 1.6 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: The muscular tension has evident influence on the knee stability in static loading.